Offering a foundation in the basic principles of pathology, this book focuses on the radiographic appearances of diseases and injuries that are most likely to be diagnosed with medical imaging. It offers everything you need to know about pathology imaging, including disease processes, radiographic appearance, and treatment. Updated and revised, this edition provides hundreds of illustrations and current information to help you meet the challenge of today's radiography.
Inside you'll find: Hundreds of high-quality illustrations of the radiographic appearance of various disease processes. A body systems approach that makes information easy to find and understand. New imaging modalities, including SPECT, PET, CT, MR, ultrasound, and fusion. New pathologies, including hepatitis variations, SARS, anthrax, and Marfan's syndrome. Radiographer Notes in every chapter that provide helpful suggestions for producing optimal radiographs for each organ system and discuss how to handle the needs of different patients. Thorough coverage of alternative imaging modalities that may be needed to ensure proper diagnosis. Treatment sections with useful background on various pathologies. An expanded discussion of how CT and MR scans are used in diagnosis. Summary tables listing diseases, their locations, radiographic appearance, and treatment. An extensive glossary and a list of major prefixes, roots, and suffixes with definitions and examples.
Introduction to Pathology 1
Disease 2
Inflammation 2
Edema 5
Ischemia and infarction 5
Hemorrhage 6
Alterations of cell growth 7
Neoplasia 7
Hereditary Diseases 10
Disorders of immunity 11
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 12
Hepatitis 13
Specialized Imaging Techniques 16
Diagnostic Imaging Modalities 17
Ultrasound 18
Computed tomography 21
Magnetic resonance imaging 23
Nuclear medicine 30
Single-photon emission computed tomography 30
Positron emission tomography 32
Fusion imaging 34
Respiratory System 39
Physiology of the Respiratory System 42
Congenital/Hereditary Diseases 42
Cystic fibrosis 42
Hyaline membrane disease 44
Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Respiratory System 44
Croup 44
Epiglottitis 45
Inflammatory Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System 46
Pneumonia 46
Anthrax 48
Lung abscess 48
Tuberculosis 49
Pulmonary mycosis 53
Respiratory syncytial virus 55
Severe acute respiratory syndrome 56
Diffuse Lung Disease 56
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 56
Pneumoconiosis 61
Neoplasms 63
Solitary pulmonary nodule 63
Bronchial adenoma 64
Bronchogenic carcinoma 65
Pulmonary metastases 68
Vascular Diseases 69
Pulmonary embolism 69
Septic embolism 75
Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula 75
Miscellaneous Lung Disorders 77
Atelectasis 77
Adult respiratory distress syndrome 77
Intrabronchial foreign bodies 78
Mediastinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum) 79
Subcutaneous emphysema 79
Disorders of the Pleura 80
Pneumothorax 80
Pleural effusion 82
Empyema 83
Mediastinal Masses 84
Disorders of the Diaphragm 86
Diaphragmatic paralysis 87
Eventration of the diaphragm 87
Other causes of elevation of the diaphragm 88
Skeletal System 97
Physiology of the Skeletal System 92
Congenital/Hereditary Diseases of Bone 95
Vertebral anomalies 95
Spina bifida 95
Osteopetrosis 96
Osteogenesis imperfecta 97
Achondroplasia 99
Congenital hip dysplasia (dislocation) 100
Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders 102
Rheumatoid arthritis 102
Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) 104
Infectious arthritis 105
Bursitis 107
Rotator cuff tears 109
Tears of the menisci of the knee 109
Bacterial osteomyelitis 110
Tuberculous osteomyelitis 114
Metabolic Bone Disease 116
Osteoporosis 116
Osteomalacia 118
Rickets 119
Gout 120
Paget's disease 121
Fibrous Dysplasia 124
Ischemic Necrosis of Bone 124
Benign Bone Tumors 126
Malignant Bone Tumors 131
Bone Metastases 136
Fractures 140
Types of fractures 141
Fracture healing 143
Pathologic fractures 144
Stress fractures 145
Battered-child syndrome 146
Common fractures and dislocations 147
Fractures and Dislocations of the Spine 152
Herniation of Intervertebral Disks 155
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis 156
Gastrointestinal System 162
Physiology of the Digestive System 163
Esophagus 165
Tracheoesophageal fistula 165
Esophagitis 167
Ingestion of corrosive agents 169
Esophageal cancer 171
Esophageal diverticula 172
Esophageal varices 173
Hiatal hernia 174
Achalasia 175
Foreign bodies 176
Perforation of the esophagus 179
Stomach 179
Gastritis 179
Peptic ulcer disease 180
Cancer of the stomach 284
Lymphoma of the stomach 186
Small Bowel 287
Crohn's disease (regional enteritis) 187
Small bowel obstruction 188
Adynamic ileus 190
Intussusception 192
Malabsorption disorders 193
Colon 196
Appendicitis 196
Diverticulosis 197
Diverticulitis 198
Ulcerative colitis 199
Crohn's colitis 201
Ischemic colitis 203
Irritable bowel syndrome 203
Cancer of the colon 204
Large bowel obstruction 206
Volvulus of the colon 209
Hemorrhoids 211
Gallbladder 211
Gallstones (cholelithiasis) 211
Acute cholecystitis 212
Emphysematous cholecystitis 214
Porcelain gallbladder 214
Liver 215
Cirrhosis of the liver 215
Hepatocellular carcinoma 216
Hepatic metastases 217
Pancreas 218
Acute pancreatitis 218
Chronic pancreatitis 220
Pancreatic pseudocyst 222
Cancer of the pancreas 223
Pneumoperitoneum 225
Spleen 227
Enlargement 227
Rupture 228
Urinary System 257
Physiology of the Urinary System 232
Congenital/Hereditary Diseases 233
Anomalies of number and size 233
Anomalies of rotation position, and fusion 234
Anomalies of renal pelvis and ureter 235
Ureterocele 237
Posterior urethral valves 238
Inflammatory Disorders 239
Glomerulonephritis 239
Pyelonephritis 240
Tuberculosis 242
Papillary necrosis 242
Cystitis 243
Kidney Stones 244
Urinary Tract Obstruction 248
Cysts and Tumors 250
Renal cyst 250
Polycystic kidney disease 253
Renal carcinoma 255
Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) 256
Carcinoma of the bladder 259
Renal Vein Thrombosis 262
Acute Renal Failure 262
Chronic Renal Failure 263
Cardiovascular System 266
Physiology of the Cardiovascular System 267
Congenital Heart Disease 269
Left-to-right shunts 269
Tetralogy of Fallot 272
Coarctation of the aorta 272
Acquired Vascular Disease 274
Coronary artery disease 274
Congestive heart failure 278
Pulmonary edema 250
Hypertension 281
Hypertensive heart disease 283
Aneurysm 283
Traumatic rupture of the aorta 286
Dissection of the aorta 287
Atherosclerosis 289
Thrombosis and embolism 292
Valvular Disease 294
Rheumatic heart disease 294
Mitral stenosis 295
Mitral insufficiency 297
Aortic stenosis 297
Aortic insufficiency 297
Infective endocarditis 298
Pericardial Effusion 300
Venous Disease 302
Deep venous thrombosis 301
Varicose veins 304
Nervous System 307
Physiology of the Nervous System 308
Infections of the Central Nervous System 311
Meningitis 311
Encephalitis 312
Brain abscess 312
Subdural empyema 313
Epidural empyema 314
Osteomyelitis of the skull 314
Tumors of the Central Nervous System 316
Glioma 317
Meningioma 318
Acoustic neuroma 323
Pituitary adenoma 323
Craniopharyngioma 325
Pineal tumors 326
Chordoma 327
Metastatic carcinoma 327
Traumatic Processes of the Brain and Skull 330
Skull fracture 330
Epidural hematoma 332
Subdural hematoma 332
Cerebral contusion 333
Intracerebral hematoma 334
Subarachnoid hemorrhage 334
Carotid artery injury 335
Facial fractures 335
Vascular Disease of the Central Nervous System 339
Stroke syndrome 339
Transient ischemic attacks 341
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage 342
Subarachnoid hemorrhage 344
Multiple Sclerosis 347
Epilepsy and Convulsive Disorders 347
Degenerative Diseases 349
Normal aging 349
Alzheimer's disease 349
Huntington's disease 351
Parkinson's disease 352
Cerebellar atrophy 353
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease) 353
Hydrocephalus 354
Sinusitis 355
Hematopoietic System 360
Physiology of the Blood 361
Diseases of Red Blood Cells 361
Anemia 361
Polycythemia 367
Diseases of White Blood Cells 368
Leukemia 368
Lymphoma 370
Infectious mononucleosis 373
Diseases of Platelets (Bleeding Disorders) 374
Hemophilia 374
Purpura (thrombocytopenia) 376
Endocrine System 379
Physiology of the Endocrine System 380
Adrenal Glands 380
Physiology of the adrenal glands 380
Diseases of the adrenal cortex 382
Diseases of the adrenal medulla 386
Pituitary Gland 390
Physiology of the pituitary gland 390
Diseases of the pituitary gland 391
Thyroid Gland 394
Physiology of the thyroid gland 394
Diseases of the thyroid gland 394
Parathyroid Glands 401
Physiology of the parathyroid glands 401
Diseases of the parathyroid glands 401
Diabetes Mellitus 406
Reproductive System 411
Infectious Diseases of Both Genders 412
Syphilis 412
Gonorrhea 414
Male Reproductive System 415
Physiology of the Male Reproductive System 415
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 416
Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland 417
Undescended Testis (Cryptorchidism) 420
Testicular Torsion and Epididymitis 421
Testicular Tumors 423
Female Reproductive System 425
Physiology of the Female Reproductive System 425
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 426
Cysts and Tumors 428
Ovarian cysts and tumors 428
Dermoid cyst (teratoma) 429
Uterine fibroids 431
Endometrial carcinoma 433
Endometriosis 434
Carcinoma of the cervix 435
Breast Lesions 438
Breast Cancer 438
Benign breast disease 444
Imaging in Pregnancy 445
Ectopic pregnancy 447
Trophoblastic disease 447
Female infertility 448
Miscellaneous Diseases 452
Nutritional Diseases 453
Vitamin deficiencies 453
Hypervitaminosis 456
Protein-calorie malnutrition (kwashiorkor) 456
Obesity 456
Lead Poisoning 457
Sarcoidosis 459
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 461
Melanoma 462
Muscular Dystrophy 463
Hereditary Diseases 464
Chromosomal aberrations 464
Genetic amino acid disorders 467
Internal Devices 470
Endotracheal tube 470
Central venous catheters 470
Swan-Ganz catheters 471
Transvenous cardiac pacemakers 472
Answers to Review Questions 475
Illustration Credits 478
Prefixes/Suffixes/Roots 482
Laboratory Values and their Significance 484
Glossary 485
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